IUD insertion

Overview of Treatment

The intrauterine device (IUD) is a commonly used contraceptive method and is also employed in the treatment of certain gynecological conditions. The IUD works by placing a small device inside the uterus to achieve contraception or therapeutic effects.

Due to its high efficiency, long-term use, and reversibility, it is widely popular. The insertion of an IUD is typically performed by a trained healthcare professional under sterile conditions. The entire procedure is relatively simple but requires strict adherence to medical guidelines.

Types and Mechanisms of Treatment

The IUD mainly divides into two types: copper IUD and hormonal IUD. The copper IUD releases copper ions that interfere with sperm activity, thereby preventing fertilization; the hormonal IUD releases a small amount of progestin, which thins the endometrial lining to prevent implantation of the fertilized egg.

Regardless of the type, the core mechanism of the IUD is to prevent fertilized eggs from implanting in the uterus, thus achieving contraception or therapeutic goals.

Indications

The primary use of the IUD is for contraception, but in certain cases, it can also be used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, and other gynecological conditions.

For women seeking long-term contraception who are unsuitable for hormonal medications, the IUD is an ideal choice.

Usage and Dosage

The insertion of the IUD should be performed under the guidance of a healthcare provider, usually on the first day of menstruation or during other contraceptive methods to ensure the woman is not pregnant.

After insertion, the doctor will regularly check the position of the IUD to ensure its proper function. The dosage aspect does not involve daily or weekly medication but maintains effectiveness through continuous release of active substances.

Benefits and Advantages

• Highly effective contraception with a failure rate of less than 1%
• Long-term efficacy, up to 10 years or more
• Reversible, with fertility rapidly restoring after removal
• Reduces menstrual volume, suitable for women with menorrhagia

These advantages make the IUD a popular choice among modern women.

Risks and Side Effects

Like all medical interventions, the IUD may cause some side effects. Common side effects include irregular menstruation, abdominal pain, and fatigue.

Serious but rare risks include uterine perforation, cervical infection, and pregnancy complications. Therefore, regular check-ups are crucial.

Precautions and Contraindications

Contraindications include pregnancy, uterine infection, certain uterine abnormalities, and allergies. The healthcare provider will evaluate whether it is suitable based on individual circumstances.

If severe abdominal pain, fever, or abnormal bleeding occurs after insertion, immediate medical attention should be sought.

Interactions with Other Treatments

The IUD does not directly interact with other medications, but certain drugs may affect its effectiveness. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking before insertion.

Effectiveness and Evidence

Extensive clinical research confirms the high contraceptive efficacy of the IUD, and it has also demonstrated good results in treating abnormal uterine bleeding.

Alternatives

If the IUD is unsuitable, other contraceptive methods such as oral contraceptives, patches, or intrauterine systems can be considered.

Frequently Asked Questions

Before IUD insertion, the healthcare provider usually requires a gynecological examination to ensure the cervix and uterus are healthy enough for the procedure. Patients should inform the doctor of any allergies or medications they are taking, especially anticoagulants. It is recommended to wear loose clothing and avoid tight underwear on the day of insertion to ensure comfort.

Some patients may experience mild side effects such as slight abdominal pain, minor bleeding, or spotting on the day of insertion. These symptoms typically resolve within a few days. A small number of women may experience changes in their menstrual cycle, leading to increased or decreased bleeding. If severe abdominal pain, persistent bleeding, or fever occurs, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Patients should avoid vigorous exercise and heavy lifting to prevent displacement of the IUD. It is also recommended to avoid sexual activity within 24 hours after insertion to ensure the IUD remains in place. Maintaining good personal hygiene and regularly checking that the IUD strings are in proper position can help prevent infections and ensure the effectiveness of the device.

Most patients can resume normal daily activities within a few days after insertion. Mild discomfort on the day of insertion is common, but no special recovery period is usually needed. Patients should avoid strenuous exercise and sexual activity within 24 hours post-insertion to ensure the IUD remains in position. If discomfort persists, rest and avoid overexertion are advised.

The IUD is a highly effective contraceptive method with a success rate exceeding 99%. Its expected effects include long-term contraception (some models can last over 10 years) and no impact on future fertility. The main advantage of the IUD is that once inserted, it provides continuous contraception without additional action from the user. However, it does not prevent sexually transmitted infections; therefore, condom use is still recommended for protection during sexual activity.