IUD insertion

Overview of Treatment

The IUD (Intrauterine Device) is a commonly used contraceptive method, also employed in the treatment of certain gynecological conditions. It involves placing a small device inside the uterus to achieve contraception or therapeutic effects.

Due to its high efficiency, long-term use, and reversibility, it is widely popular. The insertion of an IUD is typically performed by a trained healthcare professional under sterile conditions. The procedure is relatively simple but requires strict adherence to medical guidelines.

Types and Mechanisms of Treatment

The IUD mainly divides into two types: Copper IUD and Hormonal IUD. The Copper IUD releases copper ions, which interfere with sperm activity to prevent fertilization; the Hormonal IUD releases small amounts of progestin, causing the endometrial lining to thin and preventing implantation of fertilized eggs.

Regardless of the type, the core mechanism of the IUD is to prevent fertilized eggs from implanting in the uterus, thereby achieving contraception or therapeutic goals.

Indications

The IUD is primarily used for contraception, but in certain cases, it can also be used to treat abnormal uterine bleeding, endometrial hyperplasia, and other gynecological conditions.

For women seeking long-term contraception who are unsuitable for hormonal medications, the IUD is an ideal choice.

Usage and Dosage

The insertion of an IUD should be performed under medical guidance, usually during the first days of the menstrual cycle or when other contraceptive methods are used, to ensure the woman is not pregnant.

After insertion, healthcare providers will regularly check the position of the IUD to ensure proper function. The dosage aspect involves no daily or weekly medication; instead, the effect is maintained through continuous release of active substances.

Benefits and Advantages

• Highly effective contraception with failure rates below 1%
• Long-term efficacy, up to 10 years or more
• Reversible, fertility quickly restored after removal
• Reduces menstrual bleeding, suitable for women with menorrhagia

These advantages make the IUD a popular choice among modern women.

Risks and Side Effects

Like all medical interventions, the IUD can cause some side effects. Common side effects include irregular menstruation, abdominal pain, fatigue, and others.

Serious but rare risks include uterine perforation, cervical infection, and pregnancy complications. Therefore, regular check-ups are crucial.

Precautions and Contraindications

Contraindications include pregnancy, uterine infections, certain uterine abnormalities, and allergies. Doctors will evaluate individual cases to determine suitability.

If severe abdominal pain, fever, or abnormal bleeding occurs after insertion, seek medical attention immediately.

Interactions with Other Treatments

The IUD does not directly interact with other medications, but some drugs may affect its efficacy. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking before insertion.

Effectiveness and Evidence

Extensive clinical studies confirm the high contraceptive effectiveness of the IUD, and it also shows good results in treating abnormal uterine bleeding.

Alternatives

If the IUD is unsuitable, other contraceptive methods such as oral contraceptives, patches, or intrauterine devices can be considered.

Frequently Asked Questions

Before IUD insertion, doctors usually require a gynecological examination to ensure the cervix and uterus are healthy enough for the procedure. Patients should inform their doctor of any allergies or medications they are taking, especially anticoagulants. On the day of insertion, it is recommended to wear loose clothing and avoid tight underwear to ensure comfort during the procedure.

Some patients may experience mild side effects such as slight abdominal pain, minor bleeding, or spotting on the day of insertion. These symptoms typically resolve within a few days. A small number of women may experience changes in their menstrual cycle, with increased or decreased bleeding. If severe abdominal pain, persistent bleeding, or fever occurs, seek medical attention immediately.

After insertion, patients should avoid vigorous exercise and heavy lifting to prevent displacement of the IUD. It is also recommended to avoid sexual activity within 24 hours post-insertion to ensure the IUD remains in place. Maintaining good personal hygiene and regularly checking that the IUD strings are in proper position can help prevent infections and ensure effectiveness.

Most patients can resume normal daily activities within a few days after insertion. Mild discomfort on the day of insertion is common, and no special recovery time is usually needed. It is advised to avoid strenuous exercise and sexual activity within 24 hours to keep the IUD in place. Rest if discomfort persists and avoid overexertion.

The IUD is a highly effective contraceptive method with a success rate of over 99%. It provides long-term contraception (some models can last over 10 years) and does not affect future fertility. Its main advantage is that once inserted, it provides continuous contraception without requiring additional action from the user. However, the IUD does not prevent sexually transmitted infections; therefore, condoms should still be used for protection during sexual activity.