Spinal traction therapy is a physical treatment technique that applies external force to the spinal structure, enlarging the intervertebral space to relieve nerve compression. This non-surgical approach is primarily used to treat cervical or lumbar spine conditions, effectively reducing disc protrusion-induced nerve root irritation and improving the biomechanical function of the spine. Clinically, it is commonly employed in the conservative management of chronic neck pain, sciatica, and herniated discs.
Traction therapy can be divided into "mechanical traction" and "dynamic traction." Mechanical traction uses specialized equipment to apply a constant force, usually operated by professionals in medical facilities; dynamic traction employs intermittent or rhythmic forces that simulate physiological activity patterns. The mechanisms include:
This therapy is suitable for symptoms of disc origin, including upper limb radicular pain caused by cervical disc herniation, sciatica due to lumbar disc herniation, and intermittent claudication caused by spinal stenosis. Specific conditions such as degenerative spondylolisthesis or facet joint syndrome, confirmed through imaging, may also be considered for treatment.
Parameters should be adjusted based on the patient's physique and condition: cervical traction typically applies 4-12 kg of force at an angle of 15-30 degrees, with each session lasting 15-30 minutes; lumbar traction uses 60-70% of the patient’s body weight as traction force, with treatment durations extending to 20-40 minutes. Complete treatment courses are usually scheduled 2-3 times per week, with a total of 8-12 sessions constituting one cycle.
The advantages of traction therapy include its non-invasive nature and its ability to directly improve the biomechanical environment of affected areas. Clinical studies show that approximately 60-75% of patients experience a reduction of more than 30% in pain VAS scores after completing treatment. Benefits include:
Possible short-term discomfort includes muscle soreness at the traction site and localized skin pressure marks, with about 10-15% of patients experiencing transient symptom exacerbation. Rare cases may involve disc displacement or spinal instability, which could worsen nerve damage in severe cases. Prolonged treatment may cause changes in joint capsule extensibility, requiring careful attention.
Contraindications include spinal fractures, severe osteoporosis, spinal infections, and spinal cord injuries. Patients suspected of spinal instability or malignancy should not undergo traction therapy. Detailed imaging assessments are necessary before treatment. Hypertensive patients should control blood pressure below 140/90 mmHg, and treatment should be avoided during menstruation or acute inflammatory phases.
Traction therapy is often combined with physical therapy modalities such as ultrasound and interferential current therapy to enhance tissue repair. When used with medication, caution is advised with steroid use, which may affect bone density, and nerve blocks, which could interfere with pain assessment. Avoid performing manipulative spinal adjustments on the same day to prevent excessive tissue stretching.
Systematic reviews indicate that traction therapy results in a 72% symptom improvement rate after 6 weeks in patients with disc herniation, with MRI scans showing a reduction in disc protrusion in 55% of cases. For chronic cervical degenerative conditions, combining traction with exercise therapy reduces recurrence rates by 23% compared to single therapy. However, long-term effects on spinal stenosis remain controversial and should be evaluated alongside decompression surgery.
Non-surgical options include bed rest on a firm mattress, nerve block injections, or selective spinal nerve root blocks. Surgical options encompass minimally invasive discectomy or spinal fusion. Physical therapy adjuncts include core strengthening and posture correction exercises, while biological agents currently lack conclusive supporting evidence.
Before treatment, imaging examinations (such as X-ray or MRI) are necessary to confirm specific spinal or joint issues. The therapist will adjust the traction force and angle based on the patient’s weight and condition, and explain possible discomforts. Patients should avoid eating heavily 2 hours before treatment and wear loose clothing for ease of operation.
How can I relieve muscle soreness during traction therapy?Mild soreness after treatment is normal and can be alleviated with ice or heat packs (depending on the treatment site). If pain persists beyond 48 hours or worsens, contact your physician immediately to adjust the traction force or frequency. Stretching exercises or physical therapy may be recommended to reduce discomfort.
Can I perform daily activities or work during treatment?It is advisable to avoid heavy lifting, prolonged sitting, or high-impact activities (such as running or weightlifting) during treatment to prevent affecting the efficacy or worsening injury. Low-intensity activities like walking or aquatic exercises are acceptable, and regular reporting to the therapist is recommended for treatment adjustments.
How is the number and total duration of traction sessions determined?The number of sessions depends on the severity of the condition. Mild disc protrusions may require 6-12 sessions, while more severe cases may need longer. Each session lasts approximately 20-40 minutes, with dynamic adjustments based on patient response. After completing the course, rehabilitation exercises are recommended to prolong the effects.
How can I prevent symptom recurrence after traction therapy?Post-treatment, strengthening core muscles, maintaining proper posture, and avoiding prolonged poor postures are essential. Regular stretching exercises or wearing supportive devices may be advised, along with semi-annual follow-ups. If symptoms recur, early consultation is recommended to evaluate the need for additional treatment or lifestyle adjustments.
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