Venlafaxine is an antidepressant used to treat mood and psychological disorders, primarily by regulating neurotransmitters in the brain to improve symptoms. This medication belongs to the class of Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitors (SNRI), which increase the levels of serotonin, norepinephrine, and dopamine, and is indicated for severe depression, generalized anxiety disorder, and other conditions.
The therapeutic effects of venlafaxine typically become apparent after 2-4 weeks of continuous use. Patients must follow their physician’s instructions to complete the full course of treatment and should not stop medication on their own. Its mechanism of action differs from other antidepressants and may offer better efficacy for certain patient groups.
The generic name of this drug is Venlafaxine Hydrochloride. Common brand names include Effexor and various generic formulations by different pharmaceutical companies. Available formulations include immediate-release capsules and extended-release capsules, with dosages adjusted according to patient age and severity of condition.
Venlafaxine is classified as a Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor (SNRI). Unlike SSRIs, it has a stronger effect on norepinephrine. This class of drugs modulates multiple neurotransmitters and is suitable for patients who do not respond well to medications with a single mechanism of action.
Main indications include:
In certain cases, this medication may also be used for other mood disorders, but strict adherence to medical instructions is essential, and self-medication or dose escalation is not advised.
Minor side effects may include:
Serious side effects require immediate medical attention:
Contraindications: Use is prohibited in individuals allergic to venlafaxine. Caution is advised for patients with severe liver or kidney impairment, narrow-angle glaucoma. Use during pregnancy may increase fetal risk; women of childbearing age should discuss reproductive plans with their physician.
Black Box Warning: This medication may increase the risk of suicidal thoughts, especially during initial treatment or dose adjustments. Patients should have regular follow-up visits for mood assessment. Any emergence of self-harm thoughts should be reported immediately.
Contraindicated interactions include:
Interactions to watch for:
The starting dose is usually 75 mg per day, divided into multiple doses. The physician will adjust the dose gradually to the target dose (generally not exceeding 225 mg/day). Extended-release formulations should be swallowed whole without crushing, while immediate-release tablets can be divided.
Take medication at the same time each day to maintain stable blood levels. If a dose is missed, decide whether to take it based on the time elapsed. Avoid abrupt discontinuation to prevent withdrawal symptoms such as dizziness and increased anxiety.
If a dose is missed and more than 4 hours remain before the next scheduled dose, take it as soon as possible. If it is close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule. Do not double doses to compensate for missed ones, as this may increase side effects.
Overdose can cause severe symptoms:
If overdose is suspected, seek emergency medical care immediately. Gastric lavage or antidotes may be necessary. When seeking emergency treatment, bring the medication bottle and specify the dosage taken for quick assessment.
Venlafaxine usually requires 4 to 6 weeks of continuous use to observe therapeutic effects. The exact time varies depending on individual constitution and severity of the condition. For depression or anxiety, doctors typically recommend continuing treatment for at least 6 to 12 months to prevent relapse. Discontinuation should be gradual, not abrupt.
How should I handle common side effects like dry mouth or dizziness during treatment with venlafaxine?Dry mouth can be alleviated by increasing fluid intake, chewing sugar-free gum, or using artificial saliva. Dizziness can be managed by moving slowly when standing, avoiding prolonged standing, and maintaining adequate hydration and regular meals. If symptoms are severe, consult your doctor for dose adjustment.
What interactions should I be aware of when combining venlafaxine with other antidepressants or prescription drugs?Combining with SSRIs or MAOIs may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome, characterized by high fever, seizures, or altered consciousness. Always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking, including prescriptions, traditional Chinese medicines, or supplements.
Are there specific dietary or lifestyle precautions during treatment?Avoid excessive intake of high-tyramine foods (such as cheese and pickled foods), as venlafaxine may enhance tyramine metabolism, leading to increased blood pressure. Alcohol should be avoided during treatment, as it may worsen drowsiness or dizziness. Regular exercise and adequate sleep can improve efficacy but avoid overexertion early in treatment.
What should I do if I miss a dose to prevent affecting the treatment or increasing side effects?If a dose is missed and it is within 2 hours of the next dose, skip the missed dose and take the next dose as scheduled. Do not double doses or make up for missed doses, to avoid increased risk of palpitations or blood pressure abnormalities.
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