Endometrial biopsy

Overview of Treatment

Endometrial resection is a medical diagnostic procedure primarily used to detect abnormalities within the female reproductive system. This treatment involves sampling tissue from the endometrium for histopathological examination to determine the presence of tumors, inflammation, or other pathological changes.

Additionally, endometrial resection is used to evaluate the causes of irregular vaginal bleeding or to detect early signs of endometrial carcinoma. It is a relatively simple and accurate diagnostic tool, playing an important role in maintaining women's health.

Types and Mechanisms of Treatment

Endometrial resection mainly falls into two types: transcervical aspiration and curettage. Transcervical aspiration involves using a specialized suction device to extract tissue samples from the endometrium, while curettage involves gently scraping the endometrial tissue with a curette.

These samples are then sent to the laboratory for histopathological analysis. Under a microscope, pathologists observe the tissue morphology to assess for abnormalities. This method not only detects obvious pathological changes but can also identify early precancerous lesions.

Indications

Endometrial resection is mainly suitable for the following conditions:

• Irregular vaginal bleeding, especially postmenopausal bleeding
• Early screening for endometrial carcinoma
• Unexplained abdominal pain or lower abdominal discomfort
• Suspicion of abnormal endometrial thickening

Furthermore, this procedure is used to evaluate the effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy or to detect endometrial changes caused by medication treatments.

Usage and Dosage

Endometrial resection is usually performed in hospitals or clinics by trained medical professionals. Before the procedure, patients are required to fast and be menstruation-free to ensure accuracy.

During the procedure, patients are asked to lie in a supine position. The doctor uses specialized instruments to access the endometrium, gently aspirating or curetting tissue samples. The entire process typically lasts from a few minutes to over ten minutes. Patients may experience mild discomfort or bleeding afterward, but these symptoms usually resolve quickly.

Benefits and Advantages

Endometrial resection offers multiple benefits, including:

• High accuracy: capable of detecting pathological changes in the endometrium precisely
• Early detection: can identify precancerous lesions and cancers early, improving treatment outcomes
• Minimally invasive: the procedure is minor and does not require surgery
• Rapid results: samples are usually examined within a few days

Additionally, this procedure helps physicians assess overall reproductive health and provides a scientific basis for subsequent treatments.

Risks and Side Effects

While endometrial resection is relatively safe, some side effects and risks may occur:

• Mild bleeding or spotting
• Mild lower abdominal discomfort or cramping
• Risk of infection (rare)

It is strongly recommended that patients avoid sexual activity and use of sanitary pads within 24 hours after the procedure to reduce the risk of infection.

Precautions and Contraindications

Before undergoing endometrial resection, patients should note the following:

• Inform the doctor if they have a history of severe allergies
• Discontinue hormone medications (e.g., contraceptives) before the procedure
• Maintain cleanliness of the perineal area prior to the procedure

Additionally, the following conditions are contraindications for this procedure:

• Pregnancy or suspected pregnancy
• Acute endometritis or cervicitis
• Severe cardiovascular diseases

Interactions with Other Treatments

Interactions between endometrial resection and other treatments are relatively rare but require attention to the following:

• Hormone replacement therapy: may affect the accuracy of the results
• Anticoagulant medications: may increase bleeding risk
• Other diagnostic procedures: should be coordinated with the doctor

Patients are advised to inform their healthcare provider of all medications they are taking before the procedure to avoid unnecessary risks.

Treatment Effectiveness and Evidence

The effectiveness of endometrial resection has been widely validated through clinical studies. Research indicates that this procedure has high sensitivity and specificity in detecting endometrial cancer and precancerous lesions.

Clinical data show that approximately 90% of endometrial cancer cases can be accurately diagnosed through this method. This makes endometrial resection an important tool for diagnosing and screening endometrial abnormalities.

Alternatives

If patients are unsuitable for endometrial resection or wish to explore other options, the following alternatives can be considered:

• Ultrasound examination: assesses the thickness and morphology of the endometrium
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI): provides more detailed images of the uterine structure
• Hysteroscopy: directly observes the condition of the endometrium

Each alternative has its advantages and disadvantages. Patients should choose the most appropriate examination method under the guidance of their doctor based on their individual circumstances.

Frequently Asked Questions

To ensure the procedure goes smoothly, patients should stop taking anticoagulant medications several days before the surgery and avoid sexual activity. It is also recommended to wear comfortable clothing on the day of the procedure and bring personal items such as sanitary pads. The doctor may also require some basic tests beforehand to confirm the patient's physical readiness for the procedure.

Endometrial resection is relatively safe but may cause mild side effects such as slight abdominal pain, bleeding, or infection. Patients might feel fatigued afterward; it is advised to rest for a few days and avoid lifting heavy objects or vigorous activities. If severe abdominal pain, fever, or abnormal bleeding occurs, medical attention should be sought immediately.

Most patients can resume normal activities within a few days after the procedure. However, it is recommended to rest for at least 1-2 days and avoid strenuous activities or lifting heavy objects. Bleeding usually decreases over several days, but full recovery may take a few weeks.

Endometrial resection is a precise diagnostic and therapeutic method with a relatively high success rate. However, the success depends on various factors such as the patient's overall health, severity of the condition, and the experience of the physician. Personalized treatment plans are developed to ensure optimal outcomes.

Post-procedure, patients should maintain good personal hygiene, avoid sexual activity until bleeding stabilizes, and follow a balanced diet rich in vitamins and minerals to promote recovery. Regular follow-up visits are also recommended to monitor the condition and prevent potential complications.