Colorectal cancer screening is an early detection and prevention method targeting colorectal cancer, aimed at identifying potential malignancies or precancerous lesions in the colon and rectum for timely intervention, thereby improving survival rates.
Through regular screening, abnormal growths or cells within the intestine can be detected, allowing for intervention before cancer develops, which reduces the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer screening mainly includes several diagnostic methods, such as colonoscopy, fecal occult blood testing, and virtual colonoscopy.
These methods work by detecting abnormal changes within the intestinal tract, such as tumors, inflammation, or other pathological alterations, to assess the risk of colorectal cancer.
Colorectal cancer screening is suitable for high-risk populations, including individuals over 50 years old, those with a family history, or those with chronic intestinal diseases.
Doctors may recommend appropriate screening methods and frequencies based on individual health status and risk factors.
Colonoscopy requires bowel preparation, followed by examination of the intestinal wall for abnormalities using a colonoscope.
Fecal occult blood testing involves collecting stool samples to detect hidden blood, usually requiring multiple tests to ensure accuracy.
Colonoscopy may carry risks such as intestinal perforation or bleeding, which are rare but require careful procedure by the physician.
Fecal occult blood tests may produce false-positive results, leading to unnecessary worry and further examinations.
Individuals with severe intestinal diseases or recent bleeding may need to avoid certain testing methods.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should consult a doctor before undergoing testing.
Some medications, such as anticoagulants, may affect test results or increase risks, and should be disclosed to the doctor beforehand.
Studies show that regular colorectal cancer screening can significantly reduce the incidence and mortality of colorectal cancer.
If certain testing methods are unsuitable, doctors may suggest other alternatives such as blood tests or genetic testing.
Regular colorectal cancer screening can detect lesions early, providing opportunities for treatment before cancer develops or is in its early stages, significantly increasing the chance of cure. Early screening can detect precancerous lesions such as adenomatous polyps, which can be effectively prevented from progressing to cancer if removed timely.
What are the main methods of colorectal cancer screening?The main screening methods include colonoscopy, fecal occult blood testing (FOBT), and stool DNA testing. Colonoscopy is the most commonly used and accurate method, allowing direct observation of the mucosa of the colon and rectum, and enabling polyp removal simultaneously. Fecal occult blood testing is a non-invasive screening method suitable for initial screening.
Why do some people need more frequent colorectal cancer screening?Some populations have a higher risk due to genetic factors, family history, or previous medical history, requiring more frequent screening. For example, if a first-degree relative has colorectal cancer or if the individual has had adenomatous polyps, doctors may recommend a more intensive screening schedule.
What discomfort might occur during colorectal cancer screening?Colonoscopy may cause mild discomfort, including abdominal pressure or slight pain during the procedure. To reduce discomfort, bowel cleansing is usually performed beforehand, and sedatives may be used to improve comfort. After the procedure, mild diarrhea or abdominal pain may occur within 24 hours, but these symptoms typically resolve quickly.
How accurate is colorectal cancer screening?Colorectal cancer screening is quite accurate, especially colonoscopy, which can detect most adenomatous polyps and early cancers. However, like all medical tests, there is a possibility of missed diagnoses. Therefore, following the doctor's advice and undergoing regular screening is very important.
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