Paroxetine is a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) primarily used to treat depression, anxiety-related disorders, and other psychiatric conditions. This medication works by increasing serotonin levels in the brain to improve mood and cognitive function, and is often prescribed for long-term symptom management.
Paroxetine’s efficacy mainly targets symptoms such as low mood, insomnia, and anxiety, with clinical evidence supporting its use for panic disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD), and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Patients should adhere to their physician’s instructions for regular medication, with noticeable effects typically appearing after 2-4 weeks.
The generic name of this medication is "Paroxetine." Common brand names include "Seroxat," among others. Different regions may use different commercial names, but the chemical composition and mechanism of action are identical.
Paroxetine is classified as a "Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor" (SSRI), belonging to the second-generation antidepressants. Compared to traditional tricyclic antidepressants, SSRIs have a lower risk of side effects and higher safety profiles.
Main indications include:
Clinicians may also expand its use to social anxiety disorder or migraine prophylaxis based on clinical judgment, with careful monitoring.
Common mild side effects include:
Serious side effects require immediate medical attention:
Contraindications: Use is prohibited in individuals allergic to paroxetine or its components. Patients with severe liver or kidney impairment should have dosage adjustments. Combining with monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) may trigger "serotonin syndrome," requiring at least a 14-day interval.
Use during pregnancy may increase the risk of neonatal withdrawal syndrome; caution is advised during late pregnancy. During breastfeeding, the drug may pass into breast milk and affect the infant; alternative options should be discussed with a healthcare provider.
Concurrent use with other serotonergic drugs (such as tramadol, triptans) may induce "serotonin syndrome," characterized by high fever, muscle rigidity, and consciousness disturbances. Combining with warfarin or other anticoagulants may increase bleeding risk.
Using with antiepileptic drugs (such as carbamazepine) may reduce efficacy, requiring dose adjustments. Patients should inform their healthcare provider of all prescription medications, over-the-counter drugs, or herbal supplements they are taking.
The starting dose for adults with depression is usually 20 mg daily, with gradual increases up to 50 mg in severe cases. For generalized anxiety disorder, a dose of 20-50 mg once daily is recommended. Dosage should be adjusted based on age, weight, and liver/kidney function.
Take at a fixed time, with or without food. Tablets should be swallowed whole and not chewed. If a dose is missed and the next dose is due within 4 hours, take it immediately; otherwise, skip the missed dose and resume the regular schedule.
If a dose is missed on the day, it should be taken as soon as remembered. If less than 4 hours remain before the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue as usual. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one, to avoid increased side effects.
Overdose may lead to coma, respiratory difficulties, or blood pressure abnormalities. Seek immediate medical attention and inform healthcare providers of the remaining medication. Severe symptoms may require gastric lavage or activated charcoal to adsorb excess drug.
During hospital observation, medical staff will monitor heart rhythm, blood pressure, and neurological symptoms, providing supportive therapy as needed to stabilize vital signs.
Generally, no special dietary restrictions are necessary when taking paroxetine. However, it is recommended to avoid taking it on an empty stomach to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. If nausea occurs, try taking it with meals. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as it may increase drowsiness or affect the medication’s efficacy.
What are the consequences of suddenly stopping paroxetine?Sudden discontinuation of paroxetine may cause withdrawal reactions such as dizziness, headache, anxiety, or sleep disturbances. Physicians usually recommend gradually tapering the dose to reduce discomfort. If severe withdrawal symptoms occur, contact healthcare professionals immediately.
Can paroxetine be used simultaneously with other antidepressants or anxiolytics?Combining paroxetine with other antidepressants (such as MAOIs, tricyclic antidepressants) may increase the risk of serotonin syndrome and should be done strictly under medical supervision. When used with anxiolytics, the dosage will be carefully evaluated to avoid excessive sedation or liver burden.
Is regular liver function or blood test monitoring necessary during treatment?Long-term use of paroxetine may warrant periodic monitoring of liver function, as rare cases suggest potential liver effects. If jaundice, dark urine, or unusual fatigue occur, discontinue medication and seek medical evaluation.
Can high-risk activities or driving be performed while on paroxetine?During initial treatment or dose adjustments, dizziness or concentration issues may occur. It is advisable to avoid operating machinery or driving. Once the body adapts and no significant side effects are present, normal activities can gradually resume, but individual responses should be monitored.
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