Finasteride

Medication Overview

Finasteride is a prescription medication specifically used to treat male pattern baldness and benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH). This drug primarily works by inhibiting the activity of 5α-reductase, reducing the conversion of testosterone into dihydrotestosterone (DHT), thereby slowing hair loss and shrinking the prostate gland. It is widely used in adult men, but due to potential effects on unborn male fetuses, it is strictly prohibited for women to contact.

The therapeutic effects of finasteride are reversible; hair loss may resume after discontinuation. Patients should use this medication under medical supervision and undergo regular health assessments to ensure efficacy and safety.

Brand Names and Generic Name

The generic name of this medication is "Finasteride." Common brand names include "Propecia" (1 mg dose) and "Proscar" (5 mg dose). Different dosages are used for different indications: 1 mg mainly for hair loss treatment, and 5 mg for prostate enlargement.

Drug Classification

Finasteride is classified as a "5α-reductase inhibitor," belonging to the category of androgen metabolism regulation drugs. It differs from other classes such as alpha-blockers and primarily reduces DHT levels through a chemical pathway.

Indications

The main indications include:

• Male androgenic alopecia (male pattern baldness)
• Urinary difficulties caused by benign prostatic hyperplasia

In hair loss treatment, it can enhance the hair growth cycle and potentially restore some hair density.

In prostate disease management, finasteride can reduce prostate size and improve symptoms such as nocturia and difficulty urinating. Some studies also explore its role in prostate cancer prevention, but use should be evaluated by a physician.

Common Side Effects

Common mild side effects include:

• Reduced libido
• Ejaculatory dysfunction
• Breast swelling or tenderness

About 5-10% of patients may experience these short-term symptoms, which usually diminish with continued use.

Serious but rare side effects include:

• Persistent sexual dysfunction
• Increased risk of male breast cancer (extremely rare cases)
• Allergic reactions such as rash or difficulty breathing

If any of these severe symptoms occur, discontinue medication immediately and seek medical attention.

Warnings and Precautions

This medication is strictly prohibited for women because contact with male excretions may cause external genital abnormalities in female fetuses. Breastfeeding women should also avoid contact with tablets or excretions.

Contraindications include:

• Allergy to finasteride components
• Pregnant women or women who may become pregnant
• Males under 18 years old (due to unclear developmental risks)

Regular prostate cancer screening is recommended during treatment.

Drug Interactions

Finasteride may interact with the following substances:

• Steroid or hormone therapy drugs
• Certain herbal supplements (e.g., saw palmetto)

Combining with alpha-blockers can enhance the improvement of prostate symptoms.

Dosage and Administration

Typically, 1 mg orally once daily for hair loss treatment, and 5 mg daily for prostate enlargement. Tablets should be swallowed whole, not crushed or chewed. Taking at a fixed time each day helps maintain stable drug levels.

Dosage adjustments should be evaluated by a physician, especially in cases of liver or kidney impairment. Therapeutic effects usually appear after 3-6 months, and continuous use is necessary to maintain benefits.

Missed Dose

If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered; if close to the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume the normal schedule. Do not double doses to make up for missed ones.

Overdose

An overdose may cause acute gastrointestinal discomfort or intensified sexual dysfunction. If overdose is suspected, seek medical attention immediately and bring the medication bottle for reference. Treatment may include gastric lavage or administration of adsorbents, which should be performed by healthcare professionals.

 

Frequently Asked Questions

Will hair that has regrown after stopping finasteride fall out again?

Yes, hair may gradually fall out after discontinuation. Finasteride needs to be taken continuously to inhibit 5α-reductase; stopping the medication causes the effect to diminish, and the hair loss mechanism reactivates. To maintain results, follow your doctor's instructions for ongoing use and regular follow-up assessments.

Is it safe to use other hair growth products (such as minoxidil) while taking finasteride?

Generally safe, and may even enhance effects. However, some patients might experience increased local irritation. It is recommended to consult a doctor first, adjust dosages or usage order, and monitor skin reactions closely.

Can finasteride affect sexual function? What should I do if I experience related symptoms?

About 1-2% of patients may experience decreased libido or erectile dysfunction, but these symptoms are usually reversible. If symptoms persist, stop the medication immediately and consult a healthcare provider for evaluation. The doctor may adjust the treatment plan or suggest other supportive therapies.

Do I need regular liver function or blood pressure checks while taking finasteride?

Current clinical guidelines do not require routine blood tests. However, if you experience jaundice, extreme fatigue, or have a history of liver disease, discuss monitoring with your doctor. Patients with hypertension should note that this medication does not directly affect blood pressure control.

Can finasteride be combined with steroids or anti-androgen drugs?

Caution is advised. Combining with oral steroids may reduce efficacy, and with anti-androgen drugs (used in some cancer treatments) may increase hormone-related side effects. Always inform your doctor of all medications you are taking to avoid interactions.