Chlorthalidone is a diuretic primarily used to treat hypertension (high blood pressure) and edema caused by cardiac, hepatic, or renal diseases. It belongs to the thiazide class of diuretics, which reduce excess water in the body by increasing the excretion of sodium and chloride, thereby lowering vascular pressure.
This medication inhibits sodium reabsorption in the kidneys, promoting urination and subsequently decreasing blood volume and vascular resistance. Long-term use effectively controls blood pressure and improves tissue edema. Its effects last longer, typically requiring only once-daily dosing.
The generic name is Chlorthalidone, with different brand names in various regions, such as "Hygroton." Generic and brand-name drugs have the same efficacy but the generic is more economical.
Patients should verify that the active ingredient on the packaging is Chlorthalidone and avoid concurrent use with other diuretics unless directed by a physician.
Chlorthalidone is classified as a "Thiazide Diuretic," a type of sodium-excreting diuretic. It is often used as a first-line treatment for hypertension and can also be used for edema related to heart failure or liver cirrhosis.
Compared to other diuretics, Chlorthalidone has a longer half-life, allowing once-daily dosing to maintain stable blood drug levels and reduce blood pressure fluctuations.
Main indications include:
In specific cases, it may also be used to treat electrolyte imbalances or certain endocrine disorders, but only under strict medical evaluation.
Minor side effects may include:
Serious side effects require immediate medical attention:
Contraindications: Patients allergic to sulfonamides, anuric patients, and those with severe hepatic failure should not use this medication. Patients with renal impairment or diabetes require dose adjustments.
Pregnancy category C; use during late pregnancy may increase fetal risks. Breastfeeding women should avoid use. During treatment, regular monitoring of blood pressure, serum electrolytes, and blood glucose levels is necessary.
Combining with ACE inhibitors or ARBs may enhance blood pressure lowering but requires monitoring of potassium levels. When used with diabetic medications, it may interfere with blood sugar control; diabetic patients should monitor blood glucose closely.
Typically, the starting dose is 12.5-25 mg once daily, preferably in the morning to avoid nocturia. Severe hypertension may require adjustment to 50 mg daily, but the total dose should not exceed 100 mg.
Tablets should be swallowed whole, not chewed, with adequate water intake during medication. Taking with food may slow gastrointestinal discomfort but should be taken at a fixed time to maintain consistent drug levels.
If a dose is missed, take it as soon as remembered. If less than 6 hours remain before the next dose, skip the missed dose and resume normal schedule the next day. Do not take a double dose to make up for a missed one.
Overdose may cause severe dehydration, hypotension, or electrolyte disturbances. Symptoms such as altered consciousness, difficulty breathing, or irregular heartbeat require immediate medical attention with the medication packaging for reference.
Emergency measures may include intravenous fluids, electrolyte correction, and renal function monitoring. Keep medication out of children's reach and do not adjust doses without medical advice.
Chlorthalidone can be taken with or without food. If stomach discomfort such as nausea occurs, taking it with food may help alleviate symptoms. If long-term fasting causes stomach discomfort, consult a doctor for possible adjustments but do not stop medication without medical advice.
How to prevent low potassium levels during treatment? What potassium-rich foods should be included in daily diet?Chlorthalidone may cause hypokalemia. It is recommended to consume high-potassium foods such as bananas, avocados, spinach, and sweet potatoes daily. If potassium supplements are prescribed, follow the prescribed timing and dosage. Excessive potassium intake can cause cardiac problems and should not be self-adjusted.
What precautions should be taken when combined with antihypertensive medications?Chlorthalidone is often combined with antihypertensive drugs, which may cause dizziness upon standing or hypotension. Move slowly when standing or changing positions. If dizziness or blurred vision occurs, sit down immediately and inform your doctor for dose assessment.
Should the dosage be adjusted during exercise or heavy sweating? How to prevent dehydration?Heavy sweating during exercise may enhance the diuretic effect of chlorthalidone, increasing dehydration risk. Drink small amounts frequently during exercise and avoid prolonged activity in hot environments. Discuss with your doctor if you plan intense exercise and whether to temporarily suspend the dose for the day.
What tests are required during long-term medication use? How often should they be performed?Long-term use requires testing serum electrolytes and renal function every 3-6 months to monitor potassium, sodium, and kidney load. For diabetic patients, blood glucose should also be monitored, as diuretics may affect metabolism. If abnormal results occur, the doctor may adjust the dose or add supplementary therapy.
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