Benazepril is an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor primarily used to treat hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. This medication works by inhibiting ACE, reducing the levels of angiotensin II in the blood, leading to vasodilation and decreased fluid retention, thereby lowering blood pressure and improving cardiac function. Clinical studies have confirmed that this drug effectively reduces hospitalization rates and mortality in patients with heart failure.
Benazepril is usually considered a first-line treatment, especially suitable for patients with diabetic nephropathy, as it can slow the progression of renal impairment. During treatment, regular monitoring of blood pressure, serum creatinine, and serum potassium levels is necessary to ensure efficacy and safety.
The generic name of this drug is Benazepril, with the main brand name being Lotensin. Different manufacturers may have other trade names, but the active ingredient and mechanism of action are the same. Patients should verify the active component on the medication packaging to avoid confusion with other drugs with similar names.
Benazepril falls under the category of "Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors," classified as an antihypertensive and cardiac medication. In the drug classification system, it is also categorized under "Circulatory System Drugs" and "Metabolic Regulation Drugs," due to its significant effects on blood pressure control and renal hemodynamics.
The primary indications include primary hypertension, left ventricular failure (hypertension with heart failure), type 1 diabetic nephropathy, and post-myocardial infarction cardiac function recovery. For patients with multiple cardiovascular risk factors, this medication can reduce the incidence of cardiac events.
In certain cases, physicians may prescribe this drug for other indications such as pulmonary hypertension or proteinuria, with dosage adjustments based on individual conditions.
Mild side effects include persistent dry cough (occurring in approximately 10-20% of patients), dizziness, fatigue, and upper respiratory tract discomfort. About 5-10% of patients may experience nonspecific gastrointestinal symptoms such as diarrhea or nausea, which usually resolve with continued use.
Contraindications include:
Use during the first trimester of pregnancy may increase the risk of miscarriage, and use in later pregnancy may harm the fetus. Patients with severe liver impairment or dehydration should use cautiously, potentially requiring dose adjustments.
Concurrent use with diuretics may enhance hypotensive effects, so starting with a low dose is recommended. When combined with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (such as amiloride), potassium levels should be monitored to prevent hyperkalemia. Using NSAIDs may reduce the antihypertensive effect.
When combined with antidiabetic medications, blood glucose should be monitored. Co-administration with cobalt-containing agents (such as silver nitrate) may increase renal toxicity. During therapy, avoid herbal supplements that promote potassium metabolism.
The initial dose is usually 10 mg daily, adjusted to 20-40 mg daily based on response, taken once or divided into multiple doses. Tablets should be swallowed whole, not chewed, and taken at a fixed time to maintain stable blood levels. Patients with severe hepatic impairment should start at half the dose, and those with renal impairment should adjust based on serum creatinine clearance.
Maintain normal salt intake during therapy, avoiding sudden sodium restriction which may cause excessive blood pressure reduction. Regular blood pressure measurement and biochemical monitoring are recommended during the initial treatment phase.
If a dose is missed and it is not close to the next scheduled dose, take it as soon as remembered and adjust the next dose timing accordingly. If it is near the next dose time, skip the missed dose and continue as scheduled. Frequent missed doses should be reported to a healthcare provider to prevent self-adjustment of the regimen.
Overdose may lead to severe hypotension, syncope, and acute renal failure. If overdose is suspected, seek immediate medical attention, which may involve intravenous vasopressors or dialysis. For overdose within 2 hours, induce vomiting or gastric lavage under medical supervision, if appropriate.
Some patients may develop a irritating dry cough due to ACE inhibition. If the cough persists for more than a week or affects daily life, contact your doctor for assessment and possible medication adjustment. During short-term observation, maintain adequate hydration and avoid exposure to irritant odors, but do not stop the medication without medical advice.
When combined with diuretics, what blood parameters should I monitor?Combination with diuretics may increase the risk of hypokalemia or hypotension. Regular monitoring of serum electrolytes and blood pressure is essential. Avoid vigorous exercise within the first two weeks of treatment. If dizziness, orthostatic hypotension, or limb weakness occurs, measure blood pressure immediately and temporarily discontinue the medication.
How should diet be managed during hypertension treatment with benazepril?Adopt a low-sodium diet (less than 5 grams of salt daily), avoiding processed foods and high-sodium seasonings to enhance efficacy. Normal intake of high-potassium foods (such as bananas and spinach) is acceptable, but patients with renal impairment should follow medical advice for adjustments. Avoid concurrent use of potassium-sparing drugs (such as certain anticonvulsants).
What should I do if I forget to take a dose of benazepril?If more than 6 hours have passed since the missed dose, take it as soon as possible and adjust the next dose timing accordingly. If close to the next scheduled dose, skip the missed dose and continue as planned. Do not double doses to compensate. If missed doses occur frequently (more than three times), inform your doctor for evaluation and adjustment of your medication plan.
What effects can benazepril have on liver function tests?Long-term use may cause mild changes in liver transaminase levels, but severe hepatotoxicity is rare. Liver function should be monitored every 3-6 months. If ALT or AST exceeds three times the upper normal limit, your doctor may adjust the dose or switch medications. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption during therapy to reduce liver burden.
%201.svg)
Copyright © 2025 MedFrontiers. All Rights Reserved.
