Tirzepatide is a novel Glucagon-like Peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor agonist primarily used for the treatment of type 2 diabetes and obesity. This medication combines the dual mechanisms of GLP-1 and gut incretin hormones, enhancing pancreatic beta-cell insulin secretion while delaying gastric emptying and suppressing appetite, thereby achieving dual effects of blood glucose and weight control.
Its mechanism of action involves mimicking the GLP-1 hormone secreted by the gut, aiding in blood glucose regulation, and reducing appetite through brain satiety signals. This drug requires subcutaneous injection and has been approved in multiple countries, becoming an important option for treating metabolic syndrome.
It belongs to the class of GLP-1 receptor agonists, a combination drug of insulin secretagogues and appetite regulators. These drugs activate GLP-1 receptors, regulating glucose metabolism and energy balance, differing from other diabetes medications such as SGLT-2 inhibitors or DPP-4 inhibitors.
In the field of metabolic disease treatment, Tirzepatide combines dual functions of blood glucose control and weight loss, thus classified as a "dual receptor agonist," distinguishing it from traditional single-function GLP-1 drugs.
The primary indication is for blood glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes, especially those who respond poorly to traditional oral medications. Clinical trials have shown that this drug effectively reduces HbA1c levels and decreases insulin requirements.
It is also approved for weight management, suitable for obese patients with a body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m², or BMI ≥27 kg/m² with metabolic comorbidities. Clinical studies indicate that patients can lose an average of 15%-20% of their body weight after use.
Contraindications: Use is prohibited in individuals allergic to Tirzepatide or its components; those with a history of pancreatitis must avoid use strictly.
Safety during pregnancy and lactation has not been fully established; pregnancy category is C. Women of childbearing age should use contraception during treatment, and if pregnancy occurs, they should inform their healthcare provider immediately.
Concurrent use with insulin or SGLT-2 inhibitors may increase the risk of hypoglycemia, requiring dose adjustments and enhanced blood glucose monitoring.
Avoid concurrent use with other GLP-1 receptor agonists (such as Liraglutide) to prevent increased side effects. High-fat meals may affect drug absorption speed; it is recommended to use on an empty stomach or after meals.
Dosage should be adjusted based on patient weight and condition. The starting dose is typically 5 mg once weekly, administered via subcutaneous injection into the abdomen or thigh at a fixed weekly time. The healthcare provider will gradually increase the dose up to a maximum of 50 mg per week based on blood glucose and weight control effectiveness.
Patients should receive professional injection training, and the injection site should be cleaned with alcohol swabs before use. The needle should not be reused. During treatment, dietary control and exercise plans should be followed to enhance efficacy.
If a dose is missed on the scheduled day, it should be administered as soon as possible. If less than 12 hours remain before the next dose, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed one.
It is recommended to set reminders and store the medication at room temperature, avoiding freezing or high temperatures. Long-term missed doses may lead to loss of blood glucose control; consult your healthcare provider to adjust the medication plan.
Overdose may cause severe hypoglycemia, persistent vomiting, or altered consciousness. Seek immediate medical attention. Symptoms such as abdominal pain or fever should prompt evaluation for acute pancreatitis.
Emergency measures include stopping the medication immediately, measuring blood glucose, administering sugar if conscious, and going to the nearest emergency room for blood tests and supportive treatment.
What injection sites or angles should be used when administering Tirzepatide?
Tirzepatide should be injected subcutaneously, preferably into the abdomen, outer thigh, or upper arm, rotating sites. The needle should be inserted vertically at a 90-degree angle into the subcutaneous tissue. Do not expel air before injection and wait 10 seconds after pressing the injection button. For individuals with less body fat, gently pinching the skin to form a fold can help ensure proper absorption.
How to alleviate nausea or diarrhea caused by Tirzepatide?
Gastrointestinal discomfort may occur initially due to the effect of GLP-1 receptors in the gut. It is recommended to start with a low dose and gradually increase, with small, frequent meals. Anti-nausea medications prescribed by a doctor (such as Domperidone) can be used, or lying down for 15 minutes after meals may help. If symptoms persist or worsen, seek medical attention to adjust the dose.
Are there any drug interactions between Tirzepatide and other glucose-lowering medications?
When combined with other glucose-lowering drugs such as SGLT-2 inhibitors or insulin, blood glucose should be closely monitored to prevent hypoglycemia. Doctors usually adjust existing medication doses and advise patients to carry quick-acting carbohydrates. Always inform your healthcare provider of all medications you are taking before starting Tirzepatide.
What dietary and exercise adjustments are recommended during Tirzepatide treatment?
A low glycemic index diet and regular aerobic exercise (such as 150 minutes of brisk walking per week) can enhance weight loss effects. Meals should be divided into 5-6 small portions with controlled carbohydrate intake. Blood glucose levels should be monitored before and after exercise to prevent hypoglycemia caused by the combined effects of medication and physical activity.
When can I administer a missed injection of Tirzepatide?
If a dose is missed within 4 hours of the scheduled injection time, it should be administered immediately. If more than 4 hours have passed, skip the missed dose and continue with the regular schedule. Do not double doses. Using an injection diary and setting phone reminders can help prevent missed doses. If missed doses occur frequently, consult your healthcare provider to consider adjusting your medication plan.
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