Valsartan is a selective angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB) primarily used for the treatment of hypertension and heart diseases. This medication lowers blood pressure and improves heart function by blocking the binding of angiotensin II to AT₁ receptors. Its core mechanism of action is to dilate blood vessels, reduce blood resistance, thereby alleviating the load on the heart.
This medication is suitable for adult patients, commonly used to control primary hypertension, and can serve as a long-term management drug for heart failure. In diabetic patients, valsartan can also delay the progression of kidney disease, especially showing significant efficacy against proteinuria complications. Its pharmacological properties make it an alternative choice for patients intolerant to ACE inhibitors.
The generic name is Valsartan, with major brand names including:
The drug's components may have different potencies compared to other ARB medications (such as losartan, candesartan), and strict adherence to medical instructions is required; switching brands or dosages on one's own is not permitted.
Valsartan is classified as an angiotensin II receptor blocker (ARB), which, like ACE inhibitors, belongs to antihypertensive medications but has a different mechanism of action. ARB medications directly block angiotensin receptors, while ACE inhibitors inhibit the production of angiotensinogen.
This class of drugs is often used in combination with other antihypertensive agents (such as diuretics) to create a synergistic effect. In the treatment of heart failure, ARB medications can improve the heart's afterload and reduce the risk of heart enlargement.
The main indications include:
This medication is also used for cardiac protection after myocardial infarction, improving cardiac contractility. However, it should be noted that not all ARB medications are approved for this indication and should be used according to medical guidelines.
Mild side effects include:
Severe side effects requiring immediate medical attention include:
Contraindications include:
Special precautions:
Particular caution is required when used in conjunction with the following medications:
When used with potassium supplements or potassium-sparing diuretics (such as spironolactone), serum potassium levels should be monitored regularly. Concurrent use with lithium may increase blood lithium levels, requiring close monitoring.
The initial dose for adults with hypertension is typically 80-160 mg daily, taken orally as a single dose or divided doses. For heart failure patients, the starting dose is lower (20 mg daily), gradually adjusted to the target dose (maximum 800 mg/day) based on efficacy.
It should be taken with meals to enhance absorption, but it is not mandatory to take it with food. Patients with severe renal impairment (creatinine clearance <30 mL/min) need a reduced dose, and those with liver dysfunction should have their drug metabolism monitored. Dosage should not be increased arbitrarily and should be adjusted according to physician instructions.
If a dose is missed on the same day, it should be taken as soon as possible; however, if the time to the next dose is less than 6 hours, the missed dose should be skipped, and the next dose should be taken at the scheduled time. Do not double the dose to make up for a missed dose, as this may lead to excessively low blood pressure.
It is recommended to set up a medication reminder system and establish a fixed medication schedule. If long-term memory lapses affect efficacy, contact healthcare personnel immediately to adjust the medication plan.
Overdose may lead to severe hypotension, dizziness, and altered consciousness. Seek medical attention immediately and perform hemodynamic monitoring; intravenous fluids or pressor agents may be administered if necessary.
Acute management measures include:
Yes. The primary action of Valsartan is to lower blood pressure, and excessive salt intake may reduce its effectiveness. It is recommended to limit daily salt intake to less than 6 grams, reducing the intake of processed foods, canned goods, and high-sodium seasonings to enhance the drug's effect and maintain stable blood pressure.
What common medications may interact with Valsartan?When Valsartan is used in combination with diuretics (such as furosemide), it may lead to excessive blood pressure reduction or abnormal potassium ion levels. Additionally, using it with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) may reduce its antihypertensive effect. Before use, inform your physician of all medications currently being taken, including over-the-counter drugs or supplements.
What should I do if I experience dizziness or headache during treatment?Dizziness or headache may be signs of rapid blood pressure drop. It is recommended to slow down movements when getting up or changing positions, especially when starting the medication or adjusting the dose, to avoid sudden standing. If symptoms persist or are severe, discontinue the medication and contact your physician to avoid self-adjusting the treatment plan.
Does Valsartan affect blood sugar control in diabetic patients?Valsartan itself does not directly affect blood sugar levels, but when used with certain antidiabetic medications (such as insulin or sulfonylureas), it may increase the risk of hypoglycemia. Diabetic patients should regularly monitor their blood glucose levels and discuss blood sugar targets and medication monitoring plans with their physician.
Can women who are pregnant or planning to become pregnant use Valsartan?Valsartan is strictly prohibited during the second trimester of pregnancy (after the 20th week) as it may cause fetal harm or oligohydramnios. Women planning to become pregnant should inform their physician before treatment, and if pregnancy occurs, the medication should be discontinued immediately and switched to another appropriate treatment plan. Women of childbearing age should take effective contraceptive measures while on medication.
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