Sodium Bicarbonate is an alkaline compound primarily composed of sodium bicarbonate, which acts to neutralize acidic substances. In medical practice, this medication is commonly used to regulate the body's acid-base balance, such as treating metabolic acidosis, urine alkalization-related complications, and emergency treatment of certain poisoning cases. Its chemical stability allows for oral or intravenous administration, but strict adherence to medical instructions is required.
Apart from medical uses, sodium bicarbonate is also commonly found in food additives or household medicines. However, medicinal-grade products differ significantly in concentration and application from everyday products. Physicians typically adjust the dosage based on the patient's weight and severity of condition to ensure efficacy and safety.
The scientific name of this drug is Sodium Bicarbonate. Common brand names include:
Different formulations (such as tablets, powders, injections) may have different brand names, and patients should primarily refer to the label on the medication packaging.
Sodium bicarbonate is classified as an alkaline agent and urine alkalizer. Its main function is to regulate blood pH levels and it is categorized under antacids and metabolic regulators. This classification is characterized by its chemical ability to neutralize acids, but overuse may lead to alkalosis.
In certain situations, this medication can also be used to relieve symptoms of excessive stomach acid, but this is usually a second-line option and should be used under medical evaluation.
Contraindications: Patients with severe hypernatremia, alkalosis, or heart failure should avoid use. Patients with renal impairment need dosage adjustments as metabolism and excretion may be delayed.
Pregnancy and Lactation: The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) classifies it as Pregnancy Category C, and it should only be used when necessary. Use during lactation may affect the electrolyte balance of the infant and should be evaluated by a healthcare professional.
Concurrent use with diuretics (such as furosemide) may increase the risk of hypernatremia. Combining with certain antacids (such as aluminum hydroxide) may reduce absorption; a 2-hour interval between doses is recommended.
Interactions with insulin or corticosteroids may affect serum electrolyte levels, requiring monitoring of serum sodium and alkalinity.
Oral formulations are typically calculated at 50-100 mg per kilogram of body weight, divided into multiple doses; intravenous injection requires strict control of infusion rate (generally not exceeding 50 mmol/hour in adults). The powder must be fully dissolved before administration and not swallowed dry.
Blood pH monitoring is necessary during use; physicians may require regular blood gas analysis to avoid over- or under-treatment.
If a scheduled dose is missed, take it immediately upon remembrance. If the next dose is within 2 hours, skip the missed dose and resume normal dosing the following day. Do not double doses to make up for missed ones.
An overdose may cause severe alkalosis, with symptoms including muscle twitching, coma, or respiratory depression. Immediate medical attention is required, and the amount of drug taken should be reported. Treatment may involve dialysis or administration of acidic solutions.
Emergency measures include:
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