Sjögren's syndrome is a chronic disease caused by an autoimmune system abnormality that damages the tear glands and salivary glands. Currently, there is no cure, but preventive measures can reduce the risk of onset or slow the worsening of symptoms. Prevention strategies should target potential risk factors, combining adjustments in daily habits with regular health monitoring to fundamentally reduce the likelihood of disease onset.
Preventing Sjögren's syndrome requires an integrated perspective, not only managing known biological risks but also improving living environments and behavioral patterns. For example, maintaining adequate hydration, avoiding dry environments, and adjusting dietary structures are daily measures that can effectively mitigate the abnormal immune response. Additionally, regular immune indicator checks by a physician can help detect potential problems early and allow for timely intervention.
Although genetic factors cannot be changed, understanding family medical history helps in formulating personalized prevention strategies. If there are individuals with Sjögren's syndrome or other autoimmune diseases in the family, it is recommended to undergo immune indicator checks every six months, especially for the determination of anti-SSA/Ro and anti-SSB/La antibodies. Regularly tracking changes in these indicators can help detect signs of abnormal immune system activity early.
Advancements in genetic testing technology allow high-risk populations to better understand their risk levels. Those with a family history are advised to seek professional genetic counseling, where physicians will develop customized prevention plans based on the results of genetic polymorphism analyses. For example, individuals with specific genotypes may need to increase their intake of antioxidants or adjust their use of immunomodulatory drugs.
Avoiding exposure to environmental factors that may trigger abnormal immune system responses is crucial. Occupational groups with long-term exposure to organic solvents, pesticides, or metal fumes should wear protective gear and undergo regular lung function and mucosal health checks. Research indicates that exposure to certain chemicals may accelerate the degeneration of salivary and tear glands.
Residents in areas with severe air pollution are advised to use high-efficiency air purifiers and wear N95 masks when going outside. A humidifier can be used at home to maintain relative humidity between 40%-60%, preventing mucosal tissues from becoming excessively dry and triggering immune responses.
Chronic stress can lead to cortisol imbalance, exacerbating autoimmune abnormalities. It is recommended to adopt relaxation techniques such as mindfulness meditation, yoga, or breathing exercises for at least 15 minutes daily. Studies show that regular stress management can reduce the concentration of inflammatory factors like IL-6, indirectly decreasing the overactivity of the immune system.
Establishing a regular schedule ensures 7-8 hours of deep sleep each night. Insufficient sleep can affect T cell function, leading to immune dysregulation. Gentle stretching exercises before bed and avoiding blue light exposure can help improve sleep quality.
The tar and nicotine in tobacco can directly damage mucosal tissues and induce the accumulation of free radicals. Smokers should quit immediately and avoid environments with tobacco smoke. Research indicates that smokers are 2.3 times more likely to develop Sjögren's syndrome than non-smokers, and the risk gradually decreases after quitting.
Family members should create a smoke-free environment and avoid smoking indoors. When choosing alternatives like e-cigarettes, it is important to note that propylene glycol may irritate mucosal tissues, and it is recommended to completely eliminate all forms of tobacco products.
It is recommended to adopt a Mediterranean diet based on whole grains, high-quality proteins, and healthy fats. Studies show that a high-fiber diet can improve gut microbiota balance, indirectly regulating immune system function. Daily fluid intake should be maintained at 15-30 c.c. per kilogram of body weight; for example, a person weighing 60 kilograms should consume at least 900 c.c. daily.
Avoid excessive intake of trans fats and artificial additives found in processed foods. Research indicates that trans fats increase C-reactive protein levels, inducing systemic inflammation. It is recommended to replace some butter with monounsaturated fats like olive oil and avocado oil.
Regular exercise promotes blood circulation and enhances the repair capacity of mucosal tissues. It is recommended to engage in 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly, such as brisk walking, swimming, or cycling, along with 2 sessions of resistance training to maintain muscle mass. Exercise should be avoided in dry environments, and hydration should be replenished immediately after exercising in air-conditioned settings.
Low-impact exercises like yoga and tai chi are particularly effective for joint protection and can reduce the risk of complications from joint inflammation. After exercising, it is essential to apply fragrance-free moisturizing lotion to prevent excessive moisture loss from the skin. It is recommended to perform 10 minutes of deep breathing exercises post-exercise to help regulate autonomic nervous system function.
Receiving the influenza and pneumococcal vaccines can reduce the risk of upper respiratory infections, preventing immune system abnormal responses triggered by infections. Patients over 60 years old should receive the shingles vaccine, as those with immune system abnormalities have a higher risk of developing shingles.
When getting vaccinated, choose formulations without mercury (thimerosal) additives and observe for 48 hours post-vaccination. If persistent fever or joint pain occurs, seek medical attention immediately. It is advisable to discuss the vaccination schedule with the attending physician to avoid interactions with other autoimmune disease treatments.
Special attention should be paid to chemical exposure in the workplace. Workers exposed to metal dust, pesticides, or organic solvents should wear N95 masks and protective eyewear. In office environments, it is recommended to use humidifiers to maintain relative humidity between 45%-50% and regularly clean air conditioning filters to reduce dust mite proliferation.
Computer users should take a 5-minute break every 30 minutes to perform eye exercises and oral movements. Using blue light-blocking lenses can relieve retinal dryness, and placing a small humidifier in the workspace is advisable. If the air dryness index in the workplace exceeds standard values, suggestions for improvement should be made to the employer or a request for transfer to a lower-risk position should be submitted.
Individuals over 40 years old or with a family history are advised to undergo annual salivary flow rate tests and Schirmer tests. Physicians may track the concentrations of antinuclear antibodies (ANA) and rheumatoid factor (RF), as abnormal increases in these indicators may signal early stages of the disease.
Ultrasound examinations of the salivary glands can detect early signs of glandular fibrosis, and it is recommended to undergo this examination every six months. If unexplained dry mouth persists for more than 3 months, or if dry eye symptoms are accompanied by joint stiffness, immediate immunological examination should be arranged.
If persistent dry mouth lasts for more than 3 months without a typical explanation of thirst, or if there is a gritty sensation in the eyes or recurrent oral ulcers, an autoimmune comprehensive examination should be scheduled. Tear secretion tests and salivary gland biopsy can provide diagnostic evidence.
If there are family members with Sjögren's syndrome or rheumatoid arthritis, it is advisable to establish preventive follow-ups before symptoms appear. If there is unexplained weight loss, increased fatigue, or blood tests show a continuously elevated ESR (erythrocyte sedimentation rate), immediate medical evaluation is necessary.
Preventing Sjögren's syndrome requires a multifaceted strategy, from monitoring genetic predisposition to fine-tuning daily habits, with each measure playing a crucial role. Through regular health assessments and timely reporting of symptoms, the progression of the disease can be effectively delayed. Proactive preventive actions not only reduce the risk of onset but also enhance the overall regulatory capacity of the immune system, and it is recommended to integrate these healthy habits into one’s lifestyle to establish long-term protective mechanisms.
It is recommended to use preservative-free artificial tears daily to care for the eyes, avoid prolonged screen use or being in air-conditioned environments. A humidifier can be placed to increase indoor humidity, and regular blinking exercises should be performed to promote tear film stability.
Which dietary components may exacerbate symptoms? How should dietary structures be adjusted?High-sugar and high-fat foods may worsen inflammatory responses, so it is advisable to reduce their intake. Increasing Omega-3 fatty acids (such as deep-sea fish and flaxseeds) and foods rich in vitamin A (such as carrots and leafy greens) can help maintain mucosal health and alleviate dry mouth and dry eyes.
When undergoing chemotherapy or antihistamines, how can one prevent symptoms that may induce Sjögren's syndrome?Chemotherapy or specific medications may suppress saliva secretion; patients should proactively inform their physicians of their medical history to assess the possibility of medication adjustments. Chewing sugar-free gum can stimulate saliva production, and drinking small amounts of water hourly can help keep the mouth moist.
When should one be concerned that dry mouth symptoms are early signs of Sjögren's syndrome?If dry mouth persists for more than 3 months, accompanied by eye discomfort, difficulty swallowing, or recurrent oral infections, medical attention should be sought promptly. Physicians may arrange salivary flow tests or antibody tests; early diagnosis can prevent irreversible damage to the salivary glands.
How to balance the side effects of immunosuppressants with disease control during autoimmune disease treatment?Treatment requires regular monitoring of blood and liver/kidney function, and physicians will adjust medication dosages based on immune indicators. Patients should avoid using traditional Chinese medicine or supplements simultaneously and maintain regular exercise to enhance immunity and reduce infection risks.
%201.svg)
Copyright © 2025 MedFrontiers. All Rights Reserved.
