Azelastine is an antihistamine medication primarily used to relieve symptoms caused by allergies. This drug belongs to the second generation of H1 receptor antagonists, which selectively block histamine receptors in the body, effectively suppressing symptoms such as sneezing, runny nose, and nasal itching caused by allergic reactions. In addition to the nasal spray form, there is also an eye drop formulation used to treat allergic conjunctivitis, which can quickly alleviate discomfort such as itching and redness in the eyes.
Unlike traditional first-generation antihistamines, azelastine has a lesser impact on the central nervous system, resulting in milder side effects related to drowsiness. Its pharmacological properties make it a commonly used medication for the long-term management of allergies, serving as a treatment option for both seasonal and perennial allergies. It is essential to follow the physician's instructions when using this medication to avoid excessive use and ensure efficacy and safety.
The generic name for azelastine is "Azelastine," and common commercial brands include:
Different countries or regions may have other brand names, which should be confirmed based on the manufacturer's registration information. Patients should verify that the active ingredient on the medication label is azelastine to avoid confusion with similarly named drugs.
Azelastine is classified as an H1 histamine receptor antagonist and is also categorized as a locally acting antihistamine. The nasal spray form is an antihistamine for nasal mucosal administration, while the eye drops fall under ophthalmic antihistamines. The pharmacological properties of this drug balance local efficacy with systemic side effects, making it suitable for allergy treatments that require precise action on specific areas.
In drug classification systems, azelastine possesses both anti-inflammatory and antihistamine dual mechanisms of action, capable of alleviating acute symptoms while suppressing excessive immune responses. This classification characteristic differentiates its clinical application from traditional antihistamines or corticosteroid medications.
The primary indications for azelastine include:
This medication can also be used for preventive treatment, administered before exposure to allergens to reduce symptom onset. In some countries, the nasal spray form of azelastine is approved for children over 6 years old, while the eye drops are suitable for patients over 2 years old. Specific indications should be based on the approved labeling by the respective national drug regulatory authorities.
Mild side effects may include:
Severe side effects, although rare, require immediate medical attention:
If symptoms such as facial swelling, chest tightness, or irregular heartbeat occur, discontinue use immediately and seek emergency medical assistance.
Patients with the following conditions should use caution or avoid using azelastine:
Pregnancy and Breastfeeding: According to pregnancy classification, safety data for azelastine during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy are limited, and risks should be assessed before use. During breastfeeding, the medication may be secreted into breast milk, and consultation with a physician is advised to determine whether to continue breastfeeding.
Co-administration with the following substances may enhance side effects:
When using azelastine eye drops, avoid simultaneous administration with other ophthalmic medications, allowing at least a 5-minute interval. If using immunosuppressants or other nasal sprays (such as corticosteroid nasal sprays), inform the physician to evaluate the risk of interactions.
Nasal spray form:
Eye drop form:
If a scheduled dose is missed:
Long-term use requires regular follow-up, and if symptoms do not improve or worsen, consult a physician to adjust the medication regimen, and do not increase the dose on your own.
Overuse may lead to:
If overdose is suspected, immediately:
Before use, clean the nasal cavity, gently blow your nose, and shake the bottle well. For first-time use or if it has not been used for a long time, press the spray head several times until the medication is evenly sprayed. Keep your head upright while using, gently insert the nozzle into the nostril, press the spray head, and inhale, avoiding spraying directly onto the nasal septum. The number of daily uses should follow the physician's instructions, typically 1-2 sprays in each nostril, twice a day.
What should I do if I experience a bitter taste or dry mouth after using azelastine?These are common local side effects that can be improved by: gently rinsing the mouth after use to reduce medication residue; maintaining adequate hydration; avoiding medications that cause dry mouth (such as certain antidepressants) at the same time. If symptoms are severe or persistent, consult a physician to determine if dosage or timing adjustments are needed.
Can azelastine be used simultaneously with other antihistamines or anti-anxiety medications?Co-administration with other antihistamines or central nervous system depressants (such as certain anti-anxiety medications) may increase the risk of drowsiness. Inform your physician of all medications you are taking, especially nasal spray medications or those affecting the nervous system, to avoid additive effects or interactions.
Should I limit alcohol or caffeine intake during the treatment period?Alcohol may enhance the sedative effects of the medication, so it is advisable to avoid excessive drinking. Caffeine generally does not directly affect the medication's efficacy, but if the patient is sensitive to the medication or experiences nervous system discomfort, reducing caffeine intake may be considered. Dietary adjustments should be made in accordance with physician recommendations.
Should I continue using the medication even after symptoms improve?It is recommended to complete the full course of treatment as directed by your physician, even if symptoms alleviate, to prevent symptom rebound. If symptoms do not improve within 72 hours of use, or if severe discomfort occurs, discontinue the medication immediately and consult a physician to evaluate whether adjustments to the treatment plan are necessary.
%201.svg)
Copyright © 2025 MedFrontiers. All Rights Reserved.
