Fenofibrate is a lipid-regulating medication primarily used to treat hyperlipidemia and related cardiovascular diseases. This drug belongs to the class of fibrate derivatives, effectively lowering triglycerides and low-density lipoprotein (LDL) in the blood while increasing high-density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. It works by modulating hepatic metabolic pathways, improving lipid metabolism abnormalities, reducing the risk of atherosclerosis, and consequently decreasing the incidence of heart disease and stroke.
This medication is typically used for patients who do not meet dietary control and lifestyle modification targets. Suitable candidates include those with familial hyperlipidemia, mixed hyperlipidemia, and lipid metabolism disorders due to diabetes or obesity. Physicians may combine fenofibrate with other lipid-lowering medications based on the patient's medical history and lipid test results.
The generic name of this medication is "Fenofibrate," and common brand names include:
Generic medications typically contain "Fenofibrate" as the active ingredient, and patients should follow medical advice to choose the appropriate formulation and avoid changing medication specifications on their own.
Fenofibrate is classified as a "fibrate" lipid-regulating medication, belonging to the category of drugs that modulate lipid metabolism. These drugs primarily act on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), promoting lipolysis and lipoprotein metabolism, and are commonly used to treat mixed hyperlipidemia.
In the drug classification system, it is categorized as a "lipid-modulating agent," differing from statins, which primarily target triglycerides and HDL regulation. Physicians may choose to use different classes of lipid-regulating medications either alone or in combination based on the patient's lipid profile.
The main indications for fenofibrate include:
This medication can also be used for lipid abnormalities in diabetic patients or as an adjunct therapy to other lipid-lowering medications (such as statins). Before use, physicians will assess the patient's lifestyle, comorbidities, and liver and kidney function to ensure the safety of the medication.
Mild side effects include:
Serious side effects require immediate medical attention:
Contraindications:
This medication carries a risk of hepatotoxicity, and liver function indices should be monitored regularly. If unexplained muscle pain, tea-colored urine, or jaundice symptoms occur during treatment, the medication should be discontinued immediately, and medical attention sought. Breastfeeding women should assess risks before use.
The U.S. drug pregnancy category is C, and use should be avoided during early and mid-pregnancy. Taking it during breastfeeding may lead to secretion in breast milk; it is recommended to suspend breastfeeding or choose alternative treatments during this period. Women of childbearing age should use effective contraceptive measures while on this medication.
Special caution is required when used in combination with the following medications:
Avoid concurrent use with high-dose alcohol or hepatotoxic medications, as this may exacerbate liver burden. Consult a physician before taking over-the-counter medications (e.g., herbal supplements), as certain supplements (e.g., red yeast) may increase the risk of muscle side effects.
The common starting dose is 120-200 mg once daily, taken after meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. The actual dose should be based on:
It is strictly prohibited to chew or break the tablets; they should be swallowed whole. During the initial treatment phase, blood tests for lipid levels and liver function should be conducted every 4-12 weeks, and the physician may adjust the dosage based on efficacy. Elderly patients or those with liver dysfunction may require dose reduction.
If a dose is missed and it is less than 6 hours late, it should be taken immediately, and the normal dosing schedule should be resumed. If it is close to the time for the next dose, skip the missed dose and return to the regular dosing schedule the next day; do not take a double dose.
It is recommended to set reminders or use pill organizers to avoid missed doses. If regular dosing cannot be maintained over the long term, discuss adjusting the dosage or timing with a physician.
Overdose may lead to:
If an overdose is suspected, seek medical attention immediately and bring the medication bottle for reference. Emergency measures may include gastric lavage, blood dialysis, or symptomatic supportive treatment. Medications should be stored out of reach of children to prevent accidental ingestion.
It is recommended to take it at a fixed time to maintain stable drug efficacy, and it can usually be taken with meals to reduce gastrointestinal discomfort. If stomach discomfort occurs, try taking it with a low-fat meal or adjust the dosage as advised by a physician, but do not discontinue the medication on your own.
What common side effects may occur with long-term use of Fenofibrate, and how can they be alleviated?Common side effects include diarrhea, abdominal pain, or dizziness, which usually lessen as the body adapts. If severe muscle pain, liver dysfunction, or other rare symptoms occur, discontinue the medication and seek medical attention immediately. Mild discomfort can be alleviated by dividing the doses or adjusting the diet.
What drug interactions should be noted during the use of Fenofibrate?Co-administration with anticoagulants (e.g., warfarin) may enhance anticoagulant effects, requiring regular monitoring of INR values. Caution should be exercised when using fibrate lipid-lowering drugs with statins, assessing liver function to avoid excessive liver burden. Inform the physician of all medications currently being used before starting treatment.
What is the typical treatment duration for Fenofibrate, and can I stop taking it on my own?The treatment duration typically needs to continue for more than 3-6 months to show improvement in lipid levels, and it should not be stopped independently to avoid rebound effects. The physician will adjust the treatment plan based on lipid indicators and cardiovascular risk assessment, and patients should return for regular check-ups and cooperate with examinations.
How can I enhance the effects of Fenofibrate through diet or exercise during treatment?It is recommended to adopt a low-fat, high-fiber diet, reduce intake of trans fats and refined sugars, and engage in at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly. Avoid excessive alcohol consumption, as alcohol may increase the metabolic burden on the liver and affect the drug's efficacy.
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